龙须菜对水体Cu2+、Cd2+的去除效率及其生理响应

通过室内实验,研究了龙须菜对水体Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋的去除效率及其部分生理生化指标的变化状况。结果显示,龙须菜对水体低浓度（0．05mg／L）Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋的去除率分别达到了99．9％和93．1％;对较高浓度（0．5mg／L）Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋的去除率分别为55．24％和86．15％;水体较高浓度（0．5mg／L）Cu^2＋会导致龙须菜叶绿素a、b和藻红素的含量均显著下降（P〈0．05）,而高浓度（2．5mg／L）Cd^2＋不会导致色素含量的显著下降;龙须菜对环境中Cu^2＋的生理响应浓度也明显小于Cd^2＋,藻体SOD活性出现峰值且MDA含量显著高于（P〈0．05）对照组的浓度水平分别为Cu^2＋0．05mg／L及Cd^2＋0．5mg／L。龙须菜更适宜作为对海水Cd^2＋污染进行生物修复的植物。     

中国经济海藻养殖技术概况与展望

我国是全球海藻生产和消费大国。当前，我国海藻养殖种类以海带、紫菜、江蓠和裙带菜等为主体，兼有小规模养殖的羊栖菜、鼠尾藻、麒麟菜、石花菜、礁膜、浒苔、长茎葡萄蕨藻等。海藻养殖方式包括浅海养殖、潮间带养殖和陆基养殖。近年来，在全球气候变化、海水污染、海岸工程等多重压力下，海藻养殖环境不佳，养殖病害多发；另外，海洋生态文明建设大背景下的近海水域利用政策变化，对海藻养殖产业及其养殖技术提出了新的要求与挑战。对我国海藻养殖技术进行回顾，总结经验、查找不足，提出新思路、新方法，以期为我国海藻养殖产业可持续发展提供支撑。     

江蓠生长环境因子适应度的研究

报道了江蓠对海水pH值、海水盐度、海水透明度和养殖用水排换量等4个相关因子适应性的研究结果,并着重提出了江蓠对这些相关因子的适应范围。     

不同产地及不同世代龙须菜可溶性总蛋白的差异表达初探

以采自广东、福建和青岛海域的龙须菜雌配子体、栽培和野生龙须菜为试验材料,比较了它们的形态和适应性差别,并研究了各样品可溶性总蛋白的表达情况.结果表明,这些样品之间不仅在形态和适应性方面有较大差异,而且至少有16种可溶性蛋白在它们之间差异表达,这为龙须菜遗传育种提供了更可信的分子标识.该方法有望成为比传统的形态鉴定和分子标记更简便、有效的含胶藻鉴定手段.     

江蓠琼胶生产工艺中稀碱处理新方法的研究

本文提出了以酒精-水稀碱溶液处理原料江蓠以制造琼胶的新方法。溶液由酒精、水和氢氧化钠组成，其中酒精(工业用)与水的体积比约为4：1，氢氧化钠的浓度为2—6％(W／V)，以3—4％为最好。不论干湿原料，经此种溶液在78—80℃加热处理3小时或在较低的温度下处理较长时间，所制琼胶的产率和凝胶强度都比一般用碱的水溶液处理的工艺高。     

碱处理对中国江蓠属海藻所含琼胶的作用

本文分析了10种22份中国产江蓠样品碱处理前后所得琼胶的产率、凝胶强度、凝固点、融点、粘度及其硫酸基、半乳糖和3．6-内醚半乳糖的含量，为筛选适宜的种类作制造琼胶的原料提供依据。未经碱处理者，凝胶强度都很低，达不到商品要求。碱处理后，真江蓠、龙须菜和细基江蓠三种的凝胶强度大幅度上升，产率亦高，是极好的制造琼胶的原料。     

华南沿海4个地理群体江蓠的遗传变异分析

利用ISSR标记技术对江蓠属的2个种细基江蓠繁枝变种(Gracilariatenuistipitata)和龙须菜(Gracilarialemaneiformis)的遗传变异进行了研究。所用的细基江蓠繁枝变种材料分别来自粤东(6株)、粤西(3株)、北部湾(3株)及海南岛(5株),龙须菜来自汕头南澳岛。用6条ISSR引物进行筛选,有5条可扩增出清晰可辩条带。这5条引物共扩增72条带,其中53条(73.61%)表现出多态性。根据Nei等的遗传相似性系数进行分析,结果表明:除海南种群外,同一种群中株间相似性达1.000,无任何变异;海南种群各株间相似性在0.899～1.000之间。4个地理群体的细基江蓠繁枝变种的相似系数在0.7955～0.8764之间,北部湾与粤东的江蓠细基繁枝变种的相似性最高(S为0.8764),北部湾与粤西的细基江蓠繁枝变种相似性最低(S为0.7955)。龙须菜与细基江蓠繁枝变种2种间的遗传距离为0.4630。     

Evaluation of Macroalgae Sulfated Polysaccharides on the Leishmania (L.) amazonensis Promastigote

The sulfated polysaccharides from Solieria filiformis (Sf), Botryocladia occidentalis (Bo), Caulerpa racemosa (Cr) and Gracilaria caudata (Gc) were extracted and extensively purified. These compounds were then subjected to in vitro assays to evaluate the inhibition of these polysaccharides on the growth of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes. Under the same assay conditions, only three of the four sulfated polysaccharides were active against L. amazonensis, and the polysaccharide purified from Cr was the most potent (EC₅₀ value: 34.5 μg/mL). The polysaccharides derived from Bo and Sf demonstrated moderate anti-leishmanial activity (EC₅₀ values of 63.7 μg/mL and 137.4 μg/mL). In addition, we also performed in vitro cytotoxic assays toward peritoneal macrophages and J774 macrophages. For the in vitro cytotoxicity assay employing J774 cells, all of the sulfated polysaccharides decreased cell survival, with CC₅₀ values of 27.3 μg/mL, 49.3 μg/mL, 73.2 μg/mL, and 99.8 μg/mL for Bo, Cr, Gc, and Sf, respectively. However, none of the sulfated polysaccharides reduced the cell growth rate of the peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that macroalgae contain compounds with various chemical properties that can control specific pathogens. According to our results, the assayed sulfated polysaccharides were able to modulate the growth rate and cell survival of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes in in vitro assays, and these effects involved the interaction of the sulfated polysaccharides on the cell membrane of the parasites.     

Preliminary Studies on Cryopreservation of Vegetative Thalli of Some Economically Important Seaweeds of India

The effects of cryoprotectants and their concentrations, prefreezing temperature, equilibration time, thawing temperature, and the regenerative efficacy of cryopreserved vegetative thalli (apical tips) of Gracilaria corticata J. Agardh., Ulva lobata Duetzing, and Hypnea musiformis (Wulfar) Lamouroux were evaluated. The apical tips were suspended in various cryoprotective solutions and slowly cooled to ?40?C over a period of 4 h. After the slow cooling step, the suspensions were immediately immersed in liquid nitrogen (LN), which were thawed after 2 days. Both U. lobata and H. musiformis survived maximally in 10% DMSO, whereas 10% glycerol was found most suitable for G. corticata. A slow cooling temperature of ?40?C and thawing temperature of 40?C were found most suitable irrespective of the species. The equilibration time of 60 min was found most suitable for G. corticata, while 45 min was sufficient for both H. musiformi and U. lobata. Cryopreserved vegetative thalli were then successfully regenerated, though the survival was considerably reduced up to a period of 28 days after which it was stabilized.     

细基江蓠对半封闭式拟穴青蟹养殖池塘水质的改善作用

为减少青蟹疾病爆发的风险、提高青蟹产量。从生态学角度出发,养殖后期在半封闭式青蟹养殖池塘中放养细基江蓠,结合水体理化因子、青蟹产量与存活率等指标探讨细基江篱对养殖水体的水质改善作用。结果发现：DO、pH分别在放养细基江蓠之后第10天、20天开始显著地高于同期的对照池塘,盐度从第20天开始显著地低于同期的对照池塘;NH4+、NO2-浓度从第10天开始低于同期的对照池塘,无机磷(IP)与化学需氧量(COD)指标由于起始浓度比对照池塘高,在整个监测期间基本一直高于对照池塘,但是,在第40天两口池塘的IP浓度的差异逐渐缩小。此外,拟穴青蟹的产量、存活率分别比对照池塘高出14.30 kg、2.23%,其他各品种的产量与存活率也均高于对照池塘。上述结果表明,细基江蓠改善了半封闭式拟穴青蟹养殖池塘的水质,降低了水体理化因子恶化的可能性,提高了青蟹与其他养殖品种的产量与成活率,使得控制、减少青蟹病害的发生成为可能,值得进一步地推广。